原發性鱗狀上皮癌是一種泌尿道較罕見的癌症。我們為了了解其臨床特性，以回顧性的方式，整理了民國68年1月到民國87年4月問所有台北榮民總醫院的病歷資料，證實有12位病患罹患原發性泌尿道鱗狀上皮癌，平均年齡為70歲（48 -84歲）。其中11位是膀胱癌，1位是輸尿管癌。除了1位病患的病理標本無法取得外，在其餘的11位病患中，癌細胞分化良好的有4位（36 % )，癌細胞分化中等的有4 位（36 % )，癌細胞分化不良的有3位（27 % )；且4 位（36 %）之癌症為T2N0期，2位（18 %）之癌症為T3N0期，3 位（27 %）之癌症為T4N0期，2位（18 %）之癌症為N1期。在12位病患中，10位病患接受手術，1位病患只接受放射線治療，另l 位病患並沒有接受任何治療。而手術後之輔助性治療，包括放射線治療4位（40 % )，化療加放射線治療2位（20 %）及化療2位（20 %）。這12位病患在追蹤期間，有6位病患死亡，其存活時間平均僅有5.5個月。12位病患之23個月的累積存活率為40.9%。總之，原發性泌尿道鱗狀上皮癌是一較罕見的癌症，診斷時常為較晚期或分化較差之情形，因此，預後通常較差。

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is an unusual cancer in the urinary tract. In order to investigate the clinical status of primary urothelial SCC, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 12 patients treated at Veterans General Hospital-Taipei between January 1979 and April 1998. Mean age at diagnosis was 70 yr (range 48 to 84). Of these patients, SCC in 11 (92%) was found in the urinary bladder, and 1 (8%) in the ureter. The original specimen of I patient was not available. Of the other 11 patients, 4 (36%) had well-differentiated cancer, 4 (36%) moderately differentiated cancer, and 3 (2 7%) poorly differentiated cancer. Four patients (36%) presented with stage T2N0, 2 (18%) with stage T3N0, 3 (2 7%) with stage T4NQ, and 2 (18%) with stage N1. Mean follow-up period was 9.2 mo (range I to 23). Of 12 patients, 10 underwent surgery, I radiotherapy only, and I no treatment. The postoperative adjuvant treatments were added in 10 patients which included radiotherapy in 4 patients (40%), chemoradiotherapy in 2 (20%), and chemotherapy in 2 (20%). Six patients expired during the follow-up period. Their average survival time from diagnosis was only 5.5 mo. The cumulative survival rate at 23 mo was 40.9%. In conclusion, primary urothelial SCC is a rare cancer. Because most patients have advanced disease as well as moderately to poorly differentiated tumors at the time of diagnosis, the prognosis is grim.