隨著數十年來泌尿道內視鏡技術的進步，使我鄉診斷及治療上泌尿道腫瘤上有很大的進展。本篇提出台北榮民總醫院以輸尿管鏡技術診治上泌尿導移形上皮癌的經驗。 45位靜脈腎盂攝影或逆行性腎盂攝影有不正常顯影的病人均接受輸尿管鏡的查，其中33位證實為移形上皮癌(腎盂：13，輸尿管：20)，其餘12位則為非腫瘤性病灶。而這33位病人中有7位接受保守性的雷射治療(腎盂：4，輸尿管：3)，且合併管腔內化學藥物的灌注。至於手術併發症則很少。在平均9.9個月的追蹤中，有6位病患因復發需再次的內視鏡方式治療。以輸尿管鏡技術診治上泌尿道移形上皮癌是很安全且有效的方法，但因復發率高，密集的追蹤更有其必要性。

Advances in endourologic techniques during the past decade have led to new concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of upper urinary tract (UUT) lesions. We retrospectively review our experiences in the diagnosis and management of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma with ureteroscopic technique. From Jan. 1995 to Dec. 1997, ureteroscopy was performed in 45 patients for upper urinary tract filling defects. Of these patients, 33 were found to have urothelial tumors and the remaining 12 had non-tumorous lesions, including stones, blood clots, and es-sentially unremarkable disease. Of 33 patients with urothelial tumors, 7(21%) received conser-vative treatment with Nd-YAG laser photocoagulation. Mean follow-up time was 9.9 mo, and 6 of 7(85.7%) cases experienced tumor recurrence. These patients all received repeated endoscopic treatment. Three of them had at least 2 recurrences, and 2 patients finally dies of metastatic dis-eases: 1 had lung metastasis and the other had liver metastasis. Complications in other patients wee minimal. In conclusion, ureteroscopic diagnosis and treatment of transitional cell carci-moma of the upper urinary tract can be performed in selected cases with minimal morbidity and a satisfactory success rate. However, close follow-up for recurrence should be conducted for pa-tients receiving such treatment. (J Urol R.O.C., 9:154-158,1998)