在過去不少醫學中心認為活體切片產生不少併發症並會傷害移植後的腎臟。我們評估移植後腎臟活體切片之安全性。本院自1981年7月至1993年12月，304位病人接受腎臟移植手術。其中57位腎臟移植病人接受了59次移植後腎臟活體切片檢查，並分析其術後所發生之併發症。其中顯微血尿有15位（88.2%）來自開刀活體切片檢查，31位（73.8%）來自超音波引導經皮下活體切片檢查。肉眼血尿有2位（4.8%）均來自超音波引導經皮下活體切片檢查。而開刀活體切片並沒有發生肉眼血尿。所有顯微或肉眼血尿都是自動消失而不需治療。有一位病人因開刀活體切片檢查造成膜下血腫，開刀除掉此血腫後而腎臟器官情況良好。沒有腎臟器官因活體切片檢查而造成毀壞或功能不全。我們認為移植後腎臟活體切片檢查是一比較安全的檢查，也並不是絕對沒有危險的。實際上，任何侵犯性之手術，都會危害移植後的腎臟。本文就移植後腎臟活體切片檢查之併發症，加以討論，並回顧相關之文獻。

In many transplant centers, there is a reluctance to perform renal transplant biopsy for fear of complications which may jeopardize the graft. For 304 renal transplants, safety of the renal allograft biopsy was evaluated by retrospectively studying 59 biopsy specimens in 57 patients between July 1981 and December 1993. Microscopic hematuria was found in 15 cases (88.2%) of open renal transplant biopsy and in 31 cases (73.8%) of echo-guided biopsy. Macroscopic hematuria was found in two cases (4.8%) of echo-guided biopsy. No macroscopic hematuria was found in open biopsy. All the cases of microscopic or macroscopic hematurid resolved spontaneously. Also, subcapsular hematoma was found in one case (5.9%) of open biopsy. The hematoma was removed by surgical intervention with stable condition of the graft. No graft loss or deterioration occurred because of renal transplant biopsy. The study demonstrated that renal transplant biopsy is a relatively safe procedure, but not without risk. Actually, any invasive procedure will potentially jeopardize a renal graft to a greater or lesser degree. Reported here are the experience and results of a study of morbidity as related to open and echo-guided biopsy of the transplanted kidney