腎因性尿崩症合併兩側非阻塞性腎水腫的病例並不多見。我們報告一個二十歲男性病人，他因為跌倒，左側脅部挫傷，造成血尿合併尿滯留入院治療。在此之前並沒有泌尿系統病史，但他從小有多尿的現象。在住院期間，每日尿量達八、九公升而尿比重幾乎都是1.000-1.001。其血中電解質及腎功能指數，不需藥物治療即可維持在正常範圍內，超音波及電腦斷層檢查顯示兩側嚴重腎及輸尿管水腫。尿道膀胱鏡檢發現膀胱有明顯小梁形成及逼尿肌肥厚；但尿道無阻塞性病灶。尿路動力學檢查顯示，最大尿道閉鎖壓力明顯升高，達210公分水柱壓；概由於多尿而造成代償現象。此病例經限水及抗利尿激素注射，試驗後，確定診斷為腎因性尿崩症。經恥骨上膀胱造廔術治療五個月後，追蹤膀胱鏡檢及逆行性腎盂攝影，顯示持續腎及輸尿管水腫。由於腎因性尿崩症的成因有先天遺傳及後天因素（如藥物、腎炎、尿阻塞等）需進一步從文獻上加以探討。

This report concerns a 20-year-old male admitted due to slipping-down injury with gross hematuria and acute urinary retention. The patient had no past history of genitourinary tract disorder, except for polyuria, since his childhood. Daily urine output was about 8 - 9 L during the hospital course, and urine specific gravity was almost always fixed (1.000-1.001). Electrolytes and renal function were within normal range without any medical support. The computerized tomography and ultrasound of abdomen revealed severe bilateral hydroureteronephrosis. Cystourethroscopy showed normal urethra without definite obstructive lesion, severe distended bladder with marked trabeculation. Urodynamic studies revealed marked increase of maximal urethral closure pressure (MUCP) - 210 cm H20, caused by decompensation of polyuria. Diagnosis of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) was confirmed by water deprivation test. The abnormalfinding persisted for seven months in spite of suprapubic tube cystostomy drainage. The literature is reviewed.