從1990年1月至1992年12月我們在空軍總醫院及三軍總醫院一共評估64位易患尿路結石患者，並探討其可能潛在病因或代謝異常，其中可確定臨床病症者有35位(55%)；有22位(34%)患者為高尿鈣症，是為最常見的代謝異常；它又可細分為11位腎臟型高尿鈣症，6位吸收型高尿鈣症，1位高尿酸型高鈣症，有4位仍找不出特殊病因，5位(7.8%)病患為原發性副甲狀腺功能亢進，4位(6.2%)尿酸結石患者合併有血中或尿中尿酸過高症。其它，腎小管酸中毒、cystine結石、高尿草酸症、Paget’s骨病症均各有一例；但仍有29位(45%)結石患者查不出確實病因。其病因學、診斷過程、治療及預防將於文中討論之。

Sixty-four patients who had actively formed urinary stones were studied from January 1990 to December 1992 at the Air Force and the Tri-Service General Hospitals in Taipei. Their possible underlying medical diseases or metabolic abnormalities were investigated. Clinical disorders were defined in 35 cases (55%). Among them, 22 cases (34%) were idiopathic hypercalciuria, the major common metabolic disorder. Its subtypes were characterized as 6 cases of absorptive hypercalciuria, 11 cases of renal hypercalicuria, 1 case of hyperuricosuric hypercalciuria; 4 cases were unclassified hypercalciuria. Five case (7.8%) were primary hyperparathyroidism and four (6.2%) uric acid stone, hyperoxaluria and Paget’s disease of bone were found in each of the active stone formers. There were 29 cases (45%) whose etiological factors could not be detected. Etiology, diagnostic procedures, treatment and prevention will be discussed.