輸尿管纖維上皮息肉雖然好發率不高，但它為輸尿管中胚層最常見之腫瘤。本文收集了包括本院6例及1981年後國外文獻發表病例23例病例，主要1980年後輸尿管鏡才進展使用。以此我們與1980年前報告之病例作一分析比較。結果顯示輸尿管纖維上皮息肉65%單一發生，男女比為1.3：1，74%位於上段輸尿管，65%在左側輸尿管，通常發生於20至40歲間。最常見症狀為復發性腰痛（83%）及血尿（48%）。靜脈注射尿路攝影一般可看見一長莖（平均5.1 公分）、平滑、輸尿管內細長之質塊，且顯影劑可沿此質塊下行。56%病人可觀察到不等之腎及輸尿管積水。合併結石產生之機率為17.4%。由於輸尿管鏡之發展可幫助手術前之正確診斷，近年來已使腎臟切除率明顯下降，由49%降至22%。雖然輸尿管局部切除及再接合仍是目前治療主流，但位於遠端輸尿管的纖維上皮息肉可輕易的以輸尿管鏡技術將其切除，且不會產生併發症或復發。總之，泌尿科醫師需瞭解此疾病之良性特質並隨時謹記其發生存在，以達到事先準確診斷及治療之效，以避免腎臟之無謂切除。

Fibroepithelial polyp is the most common mesodermal tumor in the ureter, although its incidence is low. A total of only 23 cases, including 6 cases in this hospital, have been reported from the English literature after 1981, with the development of ureteroscopic techniques, for comparison with previous reports on presentation, diagnosis, and treatment modalities . The poylp was usually single (65%), and more commonly seen in males with a ratio of 1.3 to 1; usually it was seen in the upper third of the ureter (74%), in the left ureter (65%), and in the second to third decade of age. The symptoms were most commonly recurring loin pain (83%) and hematuria (48%). Usually intravenous urography could demonstrate an intraluminal, thin mass with smooth borders arising from a long stalk (mean 5.1 cm in length) and contrast medium could be seen passing alongside the polyp. Some degree of hydronephrosis and hydroureter might be seen (56%). The incidence of associated urinary.stone was 17.4%. With the introduction of ureteroscopy, preoperative diagnosis of the benign tumor has dropped the nephroureterectomy rate from 49% to 22%. Although segmental resection with reanastomosis is still the mainstay treatment method, long polyps located in the distal part of the ureter can be easily removed using a ureteroscope, without any complication or recurrence. In conclusion, it is important for the surgeon to be aware of the disease and its benign nature in order to have an accurate preoperative diagnosis, followed by renal-sparing surgery.