小兒尿路結石近年來屬於罕見的疾病，過去大部份均以傳統手術方式治療。隨著內視鏡手術的進步，輸尿管鏡碎石術已被成功地應用於治療成人輸尿管結石。但仍然很施於兒童。本文報告一位罹患下段輸尿管結石的八歲男孩。我們成功地使用6.9Fr輸尿管鏡配合雷射碎石術擊碎結石。手術過程不須要放置安全導線也不必實施尿道或輸尿管擴張。術後追蹤發現結石已經完全排出體外。迄今沒有併發症。我們整理文獻並探討小兒輸尿管鏡碎石術的操作和併發症。

The conventional treatment for ureteral calculi in children has been ureterolithotomy. Recently, an eight-year-old boy who had a lower ureteral stone underwent semirigid ureteroscopy and pulsed dye laser lithotripsy. No dilatation of urethra or ureteral orifice was necessary. The ureteral stone was disintegrated completely and passed spontaneously. There were no infectious or adverse anatomic or functional consequences. The improvements in smaller semirigid ureteroscopes in conjunction with lasertripsy will expand its applications in the treatment of pediatric urolithiasis. Related literature is reviewed. The techniques and complications of ureteroscopic stone manipulation in children are discussed.