本文報告一例六十五歲女性病人以尿路感染表現的後腹腔神經鞘瘤。後腹腔神經鞘瘤發生率非常低。此種瘤常常沒有症狀表現及術前診斷困難，但此病例有輸尿管壓迫引致尿路感染。此外，椎管也被侵犯。經手術切除後，情況良好。提出此病例並回顧相關文獻報告。

Retroperitoneal neurilemmomas are the rarest of all retroperitoneal tumors. A rare case of benign retroperitoneal neurilemmoma is presented. Pre-operative diagnosis of these tumors is difficult, and the majority are asymptomatic. However, this patient suffered from a urinary tract infection because of a distortion of the ureter, and the spinal canal was also involved. Surgical intervention was performed under the impression of neurilemmoma.