神經鞘瘤乃好發於頸部、縱隔腔、四肢居側及中樞神經系統之腫瘤。發生於後腹腔者甚少見；文獻上泌尿系統只有六例腎臟神經鞘瘤的報告。由於臨床上手術前不易於其他惡性腫瘤一如腎細胞癌鑑別，所以治療原則採取根治切除術。本文報告腎臟和膀胱神經鞘瘤各一例，患者在接受治療之後，經追蹤觀察十三個月及四個月，均沒有復發的跡象。

Neurilemoma is a neoplasm of Schwann cells origin. It occurs rarely in the uri-nary tract. Although neurilemoma arising from perineum, penis, and tunica vaginalis of the testicle has been reported, there are only six cases of renal neurilemoma reported in the English literatures to date. Herein, we repored two additional cases, one in the renal parenchyma and the other in the urinary bladder. They were treated with radical nephrectomy and transurethral resection respectively. No evidence of local recurrence or distant metastasis occurred after 13 months and 4 months followup