從1988年8月至1989年10月共有97位腎結石的病患接受治療。結石大小從20mm到126mm不等，平均為52.8mm。結石負荷(stone burden)的定義為所有結石的長和寬的總和，以mm表示。以65mm為臨界點將所有病患分為兩組。每位病患先以膀胱鏡放置雙 J 型輸尿管導管，再施以體外電震波碎石術，術後在門診追縱。若結石沒有完全排出的跡象，再給予第二或第三次體外電震波碎石術治療。追蹤時間從3個月到17個月不等。在第一組結石負荷小於或等於65mm的57個病患中，57位治療成功(76％)，但併發症的發生率為38.7％。而第二組結石負荷大於65mm的22個病患中，僅5位治療成功(22.7％)，但併發症的發生率卻高達72.7％(16/22)。所以在治療腎結石的病患，若結石負荷大於65mm，最好採用經皮腎造廔取石術及體外電震波碎石術合併治療。

A total of 97 urolithiasis patients were enrolled between August 1988 to October 1989. The stone burden ranged from 20 mm to 126 mm with a mean of 52.8 mm.. The stone burden is defined as the sum (in millimeters) of the length and width of all stones. Of 75 patients suffered from renal stones with a burden less than or equal to 65 mm (group 1), and in 22 patients the calculi measured larger than 65 mm. (Group 2). In group 1, a success rate of 76%(57/75) was noticed and the complica-tion occurred in 38.7%(29/75) which was considered satisfactory. In group 2, signifi-cantly more untoward problems encountered in 16 of 22(72.7%). Only 5 of 22(22.7%) were free of stones or with stone material likely to discharge spontaneously. In conclu-sion, for treatment of large renal stone, if stone burden larger than 65 mm, the com-bination of PCNL and ESWL seem to be the preferred treatment. (J Urol R.O.C., 1:276-283, 1990)