多囊性腎臟病(polycystic kidney disease，PKD)是一種常見的遺傳相關的囊性腎臟病，在西方國家 PKD約佔末期腎病8-10%。我們系統性回顧我國PKD流行病學相關研究，主要是全民健保資料庫相關的 觀察型流行病學重點發現之整理。PKD病人較易發生囊腫感染、肝膿瘍，心房顫動的發生率較高，並且 腦中風的風險顯著增加。PKD併末期腎病的病人中接受血液透析佔91.2%，腹膜透析佔8.8%。PKD病人 在腹膜透析和血液透析有同等的存活率，前者的醫療費用較低但可能較早住院。我國PKD的盛行率在末 期腎病患者中佔約2%。全民健保研究資料庫為基礎的流行病學研究成果豐碩，這些知識可提供臨床診療 與政府施政之參考。

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a common genetic renal cystic disorder, which accounts for about 8-10% of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Western countries. We systematically reviewed epidemiological studies of PKD in Taiwan. PKD patients are at an increased risk to have cyst infection, liver abscess, atrial fibrillation and hemorrhagic stroke related to intracranial aneurysms. The prevalence of PKD accounted for about 2% in ESRD patients in Taiwan. The percentage of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis in PKD patients with ESRD was 91.2% and 8.8%, respectively. PKD patients had similar survival rates in terms of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis, while the former had lower medical costs but could have a higher risk for hospitalization earlier. The NHI-based epidemiological studies are fruitful, and the knowledge and statistics can provide useful reference for clinical treatment and policy implication.