冷戰結束後，中國大陸的外交政策面臨一種新的兩難：一方面要強調主權獨立自主，另一方面又必須對西方世界做出妥協。前者需要凸顯中國的利益，後者則要求中國做出犧牲，兩者同時並行的矛盾造成抉擇上的困境。習近平上台後，提出「中國夢」的新願景，並以「新型大國關係」為主軸。然而，「中國夢」所提出的「奮發有為」，是否將脫離原先胡錦濤「和諧世界」的外交政策，並能夠與美國相抗衡？本文試圖檢視大陸近年來的和平外交主張與內容，並探尋其中的轉變與新意。

Since the end of the Cold War, Chinese foreign policy has faced the dilemma between defending China’s sovereignty and making compromises with the Western world: ensuring self-interests vs. making self-sacrifice. When Chinese President Xi Jinping vowed to rejuvenate the Chinese nation – “Chinese dream”, he put forward an idea of forging a new model of major power relationship between China and the U.S. However, it remains in dispute whether President Xi’s “Chinese dream”, with the strategic direction known as fenfa youwei（striving for achievement）, implies an intention to challenge U.S. power. This paper investigates China’s new diplomacy, especially China’s unilateral peace policy, and discusses whether and what is new about this diplomacy.