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篇名 共產主義運動下的信仰抉擇:一位溫州紅色牧師尤樹勳的自立活動與革命事業
卷期 2021-2
並列篇名 Faith Choice Under the Communist Movement: The Self-Reliance Activity and Revolutionary Cause of a Wenzhou Communist Pastor Timothy S. H. Yu
作者 倪步曉
頁次 129-174
關鍵字 尤樹勳民族主義共產主義紅色牧師自立教會Timothy S. H. Yunationalismcommunismcommunist pastorSelf-reliance church
出刊日期 202112

中文摘要

自晚清英國聖道公會來溫,數年來建立教會和學校等服務系統後,已廣泛被溫州人知曉且接納,並訓練當地傳教助手,輔助傳教事業。民國時期,一位叫尤樹勳的年輕人亦西教士著重培育的對象,但出乎意料的是,經過「五卅」運動的洗禮,尤樹勳成為了中共在溫州發展的黨員,他一顆救國之心再也難以局限於教堂之中,他一面講經佈道,一面熱切參與宣傳共產主義的思想。今非昔比的紅色牧師尤樹勳以中國人的教會自立自主為由,強行與聖道公會海和德(James W. Heywood)牧師分道揚鑣,創立了「溫州中華基督教自立會」;並且在溫州的媒體刊物,發文言責西教士來華亡國之術,鼓動人加入自立教會,以及在青年學生群體反教會學校運動中發揮了很大作用。至今中共黨史記載尤樹勳為忠誠的共產黨員,自立教會亦由中共發揮作用且推動成立。對於此事,西教士揭示了尤樹勳的民族主義明顯是赤色意識形態,以非理性的言論肆意批判,為奪取教會權力而為之。由是觀之,溫州自立教會是經過權力鬥爭而成立。且後在相當一段時間裡,尤樹勳為躲避國民黨清黨,遠赴上海任自立教會天安堂牧職。可是,自中共建政以後,作為地下黨員的他卻被無情批鬥入獄,定性為「通敵賣國」的基督教牧師身份。因此,本文旨在梳理這位徘徊於基督教牧師(有神論)與共產黨員(無神論)雙重身份的經歷軌跡,呈現在創立「自立教會」的赤因,以及與西教士之間的關係,最終卻因基督教的牧師身份遭受政治運動無情的鬥爭。

英文摘要

Since the late Qing Dynasty, The United Methodist Free Church came to Wenzhou and established churches, schools and other service systems for several years. It has been widely known and accepted by Wenzhou people, and has trained local missionary assistants to assist the missionary cause. During the period of the Republic of China, a young man, named Timothy S. H. Yu, was a training focus of Western missionaries. But unexpectedly, after the baptism of the May Fourth Movement, Timothy became a member of the Chinese Communist Party that developed in Wenzhou. His heart of national salvation was no longer confined to the church. While preaching sermons, he was eager to participate in the promotion of communism. The communist pastor Timothy, who is not the same as before, forcibly separated from the Rev. James W. Heywood on the grounds of the independence of the Chinese church, and founded the “Wenzhou Chinese Christian Self-reliance Church”. Besides, he published articles criticizing that the Western priests came to China to perish the country, and attracted people to join the Self-reliance church. He later played a very important role in the anti-church school movement of youth and student groups. Up to now, the history of the Chinese Communist Party has recorded Timothy as a loyal communist, and Chinese Communist Party has also played a role in the establishment of self-reliance church. Regarding this matter, the attitude of the Western priests revealed that Timothy’s “nationalism” is obviously red ideology, which is arbitrarily criticized with irrational remarks in order to seize the power of the church. From this point of view, the self-reliance church in Wenzhou was established after a power struggle. After that, for quite a while, Timothy went to Shanghai to serve as the pastor of The TianAn Church, which was a self-reliance church, in order to avoid the Kuomintang’s clearing the communist party. However, since Chinese Communist Party took power, as an underground party member, he has been ruthlessly criticized and sentenced to prison. He was characterized as a Christian pastor who communicates with the enemy and sells the country. Therefore, this article aims to sort out this person who wanders between the dual identities of Christian priest (theism) and Communist (atheism), presents the red cause of the establishment of “self-reliance church”, and reflects the relationship between him and the Western priests. It tells about His Chinese communist underground party could hardly inherit the red identity, but suffered the historical fate of a violence because of his Christian priesthood.

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