本文綜述國內同位素與輻射科技在醫學研發與應用之現況與未來展望，內容包含核子醫學、放射診斷醫學、放射腫瘤治療及生命科學研究應用之現況介紹；本文亦介紹國內同位素與輻射應用核心設施與核心技術之建立，包括研究用核反應器與迴旋加速器之發展、醫用同位素與核醫藥物科技之主要研發與未來應用及展望。自從1962年國立清華大學建立水池型研究用核反應器(THOR)、1973年核能研究所(核研所)建立臺灣研究用核反應器(TRR)、1992年臺北榮民總醫院建立小型迴旋加速器與PET中心、1993年核研所建立TR30/15中型迴旋加速器與醫用同位素研製設施，研發生產醫用放射性同位素與核醫藥物已對國人福祉提供莫大貢獻。目前國內已有48家醫療院所成立核子醫學科，45家醫院擁有放射腫瘤治療部門。核能研究所自1988年關閉TRR核反應器後，即聚焦於發展鍶-90/釔-90、鎢-188/錸-188等治療用放射性同位素發生器及其應用技術。自1993年建立30/15MeV、高射束電流之H-/D-中型迴旋加速器以來，核研所已陸續完成碘-123、鉈-201、鎵-67，氟-18等同位素生產核心設施與技術發展，並開發氟-18-FDG、碘-123-IBZM、鎝-99m-TRODAT-1等多種SPECT、PET造影與治療應用的核醫藥物。迄今，已有12種核醫藥物，包括幽門螺旋桿菌 (Helicobacter pylori)感染檢查的碳-13-尿素呼氣檢驗劑，均已獲得衛生署核准上市，並推廣國內醫界使用。有關分子功能造影、基囚表現造影、細胞增殖造影與靶向性放射核種治療的研究將會在國內研究機構與醫學中心展開。藉由政府的政策支持與民間的努力，核研所將繼續與國內研究機構與醫學中心共同致力於開發同位素與輻射應用科技，以提升國民醫療保健水準與國人生活品質。

　　　　　This paper briefly summarized and described the current status and future prospects of isotope and radiation application in medicine that includes nuclear medicine, radiology, radiation oncology and life science research in Taiwan. The establishment of isotope and radiation application core facilities and core technologies, such as research nuclear reactor and compact cyclotron, plus the research and development in medical isotope and radiopharmaceutical products are also reviewed and examined in this report. Since the installation of THOR and TRR research reactors at the National Tsing Hua University and the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research (INER) in 1962 and1973, respectively, and the establishment of baby cyclotron-PET center and TR30/15 compact cyclotron at TVGH and INER in 1992 and 1993, respectively, the research and development in medical isotope and radiopharmaceuti-cals had contributed and benefited people in Taiwan greatly. Currently, 48 hospitals and clinics have their own nuclear medicine departments and 45 hospitals have their own radiation oncology departments. After the shutdown of TRR in 1988, INER had focused on the development of radioisotope generators, such as 90Sr/90Y, 188W/188Re for therapeutic research applications. Since the installation of H-/D-, 30/15 MeV, high beam current compact cyclotron in 1993, INER had developed isotope production core facilities and core techniques for 12 radioisotope products, such as 123I, 201TI, 67Ga, and 18F, etc. With reactor and cyclotron radionuclides, INER had developed production facilities and techniques in radiopharmaceuticals for SPECT and PET imaging and therapeutic applications, such as 18F- FDG, 123I-1BZM, 99mTc-TRODAT-1 etc. Up to now, 12 radiopharmaceuticals including '3C-urea for breath test of Helicobacter pylori infection produced by INER were licensed by the Department of Health for commercial production and distribution in Taiwan. The research related to molecular and functional imaging, gene expression imaging and cell proliferation imaging, targeted radionuclide therapy would be carried out by research institute and medical centers in Taiwan. With the support of the government and private sectors, INER will work together with research institutes and hospitals to advance our isotope and radiation applications for improving national health care and people's quality of life in Taiwan.