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臺大佛學研究 THCI

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篇名 功夫試探──以初期佛教譯經為線索
卷期 21
並列篇名 The Search on Kung-fu—Citing Examples from Earlier Buddhism’s Translated Scriptures
作者 林永勝
頁次 001-033
關鍵字 功夫工夫佛教數息觀Kung-fuānāpāna-smrtiBuddhismSelf-cultivationTHCI
出刊日期 201106

中文摘要

本文針中國古代對於功夫(工夫)一詞的理解及其內涵,進行初步的探討。本文在第二節中,分別從語源分析與文獻線索兩個面向,確認功夫與工夫這兩個詞語,在出現時代上雖有早晚之別,但涵義則是一致的。但早期的功夫一詞並無修養意涵,其修養意涵是在初期佛教譯經中發展出來的,故第三節針對此一發展脈絡進行分析,並指出佛經中功夫一詞的核心意涵是「欲達到某一修行目標所設想出的方法或手段」。至於功夫的特性,亦即此種「被設想出的手段方法」,其內涵為何?本文在第四節藉由對初期重要禪經《佛說大安般守意經》的分析,在第五節中歸納出功夫
的幾個要素,指出功夫是「個體將其身心進行高度的集中,以投入某種具有可重複性、竅門性、進階性的儀式化操作技法」。在此種對功夫的理解下,再去思考各種被稱之為功夫的修養方式,如茶藝、武術、文藝創作及三教修養技法等,應該都會有一種更全面的思考。

英文摘要

The current paper explores the meaning and implications of an
ancient Chinese phrase “kung-fu” by analyzing the source of the
language and the earlier literature. In earliest times, “kung-fu” did not
connote “self-cultivation”, which was developed from earlier
Buddhism’s translated scriptures. Hence the paper subsequently
analyzes several usages of “kung-fu” from earlier Buddhism’s
translated scriptures and comes up with a core implication—“the
means or method with which to achieve a certain goal of practice”. As
to the characteristics and content of “kung-fu”, the paper induces a
couple of components through the discussion on Da Anban Shouyi
Jing, one of the earliest Buddhism’s scriptures; to put it shortly,
“kung-fu” refers to that “an individual intensely focusing the physical
and spiritual self to commit oneself to ritualized repetitive and
progressive techniques or skills”. Such an understanding of “kung-fu”
might in some way contribute to a broader thinking and perspective on
all types of self-cultivation, such as chadou, martial arts, and literary
creations.

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