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調查研究-方法與應用 TSSCI

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篇名 差異分數使用之省思-信度、解釋量、構念意義與衡量等同性的探討
卷期 10
並列篇名 A Reflection on the U sage of Difference Scores:The Discussion on Reliability, Interpretation,Construct Meaning, and Measurement Equivalence
作者 熊欣華
頁次 67-103
關鍵字 差異分數信廈衡量等同性內隱成長模型反應面模型法difference scoresreliabilitymeasurement equiva lencelatent growth modelingresponse surface modelTSSCI
出刊日期 200110

中文摘要

差異分數是廣泛應用於社會與行為科學領攝中的一種研究方法,主要在於評估構念間的一致或不一致。過去學者對差異分數的使用有一些方法上的爭議,這些爭議主要可分為四方面:信廈、解釋量、構念意義、以及衡量等問性。本文認為不同類型的差異分數,在這四方聞所產生的問題嚴重性並不相同。當研究屬於「變化的衡量J 時,方法上的主要問題僅在於信度,此時情況比較單純,但是當研究的衝量的對象與構念不同時,在這四方面都可能出現問題。差異分數雖然有方法上的問題,但在某些研究中有其必要性。對於不同方面的眼制,本文提出可能的改善之道與評估方式。此外,提出幾種替代方法,分別為「肉體成長模型」、「區別項目函數」、「直接比較法J 與「反應面模型法J' 並說明其應用狀況。希望藉由這些討論,使研究者對差異分數有所思考,以便未來有較佳的應用。

英文摘要

Difference scores are widely used in social science researchesand are aimed to evaluate the consistency between constructs.However, there are some methodological controversiesregarding the usage of this research method. These controversiesare categorized in four aspects: reliability, interpretation, constructmeaning, and the measurement equivalence of the difference scores. This study attempts to show that the degrees ofurgency of the problems encountered in these four aspects are notthe same. It varies in different kinds of difference scores. Forinstance, if the study is focused on measuring change by time,then the researcher should focus on the aspect of reliability. Fortunately,this problem is not very serious. On the other hand, ifthe study is meant to measure different subjects and differentconstructs, then the researcher must deal with the problems in allfour aspects.Although problems as to the usage of difference scores exist,it is still imperative for some studies. This paper tries to providesome ways to lessen the amount of difficulties involved and evaluatesthem. There do possess, however, other alternatives thatresearchers may avail of, such as “ latent growth modeling",“dif-  ferential item functioning",“direct comparison", and “ responsesurface model". These methods have their unique applicationcontexts. Thus, researchers may think twice on difference scoresin order to apply them properly in studies

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