篇名 | 基因改造生物之現況與檢驗 |
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卷期 | 10:4 |
並列篇名 | Current Status and Detection of Genetically Modified Organism |
作者 | 潘子明 |
頁次 | 229-241 |
關鍵字 | 基因改造生物 、 基因改造食品 、 西方墨點法 、 酵素連結免疫吸附法 、 檢驗試條 、 南方墨點法 、 定性聚合□鏈反應法 、 定量聚合□鏈反應法 、 即時聚合□鏈反應法 、 稀釋聚合□鏈反應法 、 Genetically modified organism 、 GMO 、 Genetically modified food 、 GM-food 、 Western blots 、 Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay 、 ELISA 、 Lateral flow strips 、 Southern blots 、 Qualitative-PCR 、 Quantitative-PCR 、 Real-time-PCR 、 Limiting dilution-PCR 、 MEDLINE 、 Scopus 、 SCIE |
出刊日期 | 200212 |
Production of genetically modified (GM) crops is currently concentrated in just a few countries. In 2001, 99% of GM crops was produced in four countries: US 68%, Argentina 11.8%, Canada 6% and China 3%. Crop wise, GM soybean made up 63% of global GM planting area and GM corn accounts for 19%, followed by GM cotton (13%) and GM canola (5%). In terms of the global planting area, GM soybean and cotton accounted for 46% and 20%, respectively. Two major genetically modified organisms (GMO) traits in 2001 were herbicide tolerant crops, accounted for 77% of all GM crops, while Bt maize accounted for 11%. Legislation enacted worldwide to regulate the presence of GMOs in crops, foods and ingredients, necessitated the development of reliable and sensitive methods for GMO detection. In this article, protein- and DNA-based methods employing western blots, enzymelinked immunosorbant assay, lateral flow strips, Southern blots, qualitative-, quantitative-, real-time- and limiting dilution-PCR methods, are discussed. Where information on modified gene sequences is not available, new approaches, such as near-infrared spectrometry, might tackle the problem of detection of non-approved genetically modified (GM) foods. The efficiency of screening, identification and confirmation strategies should be examined with respect to false-positive rates, disappearance of marker genes, increased use of specific regulator sequences and the increasing number of GM foods.