本研究在瞭解罹患慢性病老人的服藥遵從行為及其相關因素。來自五所綜合醫院65 歲以上，並經醫師診斷有兩年以上慢性病的老人，共 631 位為研究樣本，透過老人填答或訪員代填研究者所自行修訂的結構式問卷來收集資料，以相關係數及多元迴歸等進行資料分析。 結果顯示：（ 1 ）罹患慢性病老人服藥超過 5 年以上的達 38.4%， 服藥的種類以1-2 種佔最多，高達 47.7%，每天服藥次數以一次的略多，佔 31.7%，每次服藥顆數以 1-2顆佔最多，達 46.4%。 （ 2 ）罹患慢性病老人“教育程度”“自覺經濟狀況”“生命態度”“社會支持”“健康信念”與“服藥遵從行為”呈顯著正相關，“服藥年數”“服藥種類”“服藥次數”“服藥顆粒數”與“服藥遵從行為”呈顯著負相關。 （ 3 ）“生命態度”“服藥次數”“自覺經濟狀況”“健康信念”“教育程度”“社會支持”可解釋服藥遵從行為的總變異量為 31.0%。經階層多元迴歸分析，獲得生命態度單項之預測力為 11.7%，健康信念、社會支持單項則不具顯著預測力。研究建議應及早規劃與安排老年生活，協助老人培養積極人生意義與目標。加強老人用藥管理，提供老人正確疾病認知，協助家屬發揮照顧老人功能，改善醫療服務，尊重老人為自己的健康及生活做抉擇，配合老人的教育程度，確保老人生命財產安全。

　　　　　The purpose of this study was to explore drug compliant behavior andassociated factors in elderly people with chronic disease. People over 65 yearsold who were outpatients in one of five genral hospitals, who had been sufferingfrom chronic disease for more than two years and were taking medications, wereselected as research subjects by convenient sampling. A self-administeredquestionnaire and SPSS/PC software were the tools used for data collection anddata analysis during the research process. The results showed:(1) 38.4% ofsubjects had been taking medication for over five years; 47.7% took 1-2 kinds ofdrugs; 31.7% took medication once a day; 46.4% took 1-2 pills each time. (2)there was significantly positive correlation between drug compliant behavior andeducation, self-perceived economic status, life attitude, social suport, healthbeliefs; there was significantly negative correlation between drug compliantbehavior and years of taking medication, kinds of drugs taken, times per day oftaking drugs, number of pills taken each time. (3) Life attitudes, frequency oftaking drugs, self-perceived economic status, health beliefs, education andsocial support explained 31.0% of total variance in subjects' drugs compliantbehavior. By hierarchical multiple regression, life attitudes explained 11.7% oftotal variances in subjects' drug compliant behavior, and health beliefs andsocial support were not significantly predictive of subjects' drug compliantbehavior. It is suggested that planning for old age should begin as early aspossible, to help the elderly establish the meaning and purpose of life.Emphasizing the management of drugs, providing recotnigion of disease, andhelping caregivers to take care of the elderly were important for elderly peoplewith chronic disease. It is also necessary to promote medical services, respectthe health and life decisions of the elderly, consider the education level ofthe elderly, and ensure the personal safety and financial security for theelderly with chronic disease.