自第二次世界大戰結束以後，科學突飛猛進，人類知識爆發，世界各國為提高國民知識水準，紛紛將國民教育之年限延長。我國為適應時代潮流，先是於民國五十四年在金門試行延長九年國民教育，嗣於民國五十六年八月十七日明令公布延長國民教育為九年，並自五十七學年度起開始實施。全國上下，對國民教育之延長，均寄以厚望。實施以來，小學升學壓力減輕，學生德、智、體、群、美五育得以均衡發展，兒童身心雙方均有進歩，生活活潑快樂（鄭西谷，民58）。但隨著國民小學畢業生免試分發升學國民中學之結果，造成國民中學學生程度之良莠不齊，在教學及訓導方面產生極大之困擾。本研究之目的，綜合歸納如下：（一）探討國民中學學生普遍遭鄉遇之生活調適問題，並分析其學生性別、編班段別（上段班與下段班）、居住環境及家庭社會經濟地位之關係。（二）根據研究結果，參照實際情形及有關教育輔導之原理、原則，提出可行之實施方案，作為各國民中學輔導工作之參考。

This study is conducted to survey with self─prepared questionnaire the adjustment problems of urban and rural students at junior high school level for the following purposes：
1. Exploring the adjustment problems generally encountered by the students in their lives and analyzing the relationship between these problems and student sex, achievement, living environment and socio─economic status.
2. Proving germane suggestions for future guidance in accordance with and reference to the research findings and educational theories or principles.
The major findings are ：
1. Among all the adjustment problems of students, the one which affects the students most and should be graded first is the problem of the personal life and psychological development, and the others in sequence are those of the school life and study adaptation, the healthy living condition and physiological development, the community life and social relationship, the family life and family relationship, and the heterosexual relationship and living.
2. The majority of boy─students are being affected by the problem of school life and study adaptation. The major findings are：
1. Among all the adjustment problems of students, the one which affects the students most and should be graded first is the problem of the personal life and psychological development, and the others in sequence are those of the school life and study adaptation, the healthy living condition and physiological development, the community life and social relationship, the family life and family relationship, and the heterosexual relationship and living.
2.The majority of boy─students are being affected by the problem of school life and study adaptation, the majority of girl─students are being affected by the problem of personal life and psychological development. The most special problem affecting the boy─students is the heterosexual relationship and living, those affecting the girl─students are the healthy living condition and psysiological development, personal life and psychological development.
3. The problem which affects students most in the high achievemenet classes is the personal life and psychological development, and that in the low achievement classes is the school life and study adaptation. The special problem which affects students most in the high achievement classes is the school life and study adaptation, and that in the low achievement classes is the family life and family relationship
4. Both urban and rural students are affected mostly by the problem of personal life and psychological development. The special problems affecting the urban students are that of the community life and social relationship, as well as the heterosexual relationship and living.
5. The students of middle and high socio─economic status are agonized mostly with the problem of the personal life and psychological development, those of low socio─economic status are hardly bothered by the problem of school life and study adaptation.
6. The girl─students embogged in the personal life outnumber the boy─students in the low achievement classes, the urban students outnumber the rural students, the rural girl─students outnumber the rural boy─students, the students of high socio─economic status outnumber those of middle socio─economic.
In view of the finding mentioned above, some suggestions are made as follows：
1. To enhance teachers’ understanding and standards for junior high school.
2. To revise the curriculum contents and standards for junior high school.
3. To carry out the program of compulsory vocational education.
4. To sinew the enforcement of guidance activity.
5. To enhance the guidance activity for youth.
6. To push the improvement on teaching practice.
7. To improve the teacher─student interrelationship.
8. To improve the practice of instructional evaluation.
9. To strengthen the employment guidance.
10. To strengthen the triangle integration Of school ,family, and social education.