影響學生學習成就的研究相當多，不過除了學生天賦、背景等因素外，學校也是造成學生成就差異的主要原因。本文主要目的在透過PISA2006年評量 結果進行綜合性之分析，探討台灣與其他參與國家學生在學習表現上是否有所差異，瞭解影響學生學習表現之學校與系統因素。本文首先說明國際學生成就評量(PISA)之內涵與意義，接著分析影響學生表現之學校與系統因素，最後提出對我國教育的敢示與建議供教育人員參考。

There are many studies on students' performance. Besides natural endowments and background， the school is also the main factor causes students' performance different. Themain purpose of this study is to explore the different between Taiwan and other countries， and understand the school and system factors associated with students' performance. Firstexplain the mean of the PISA， and analyze the school and system factors which effect students' performance. Finally，according to the resuIts， suggestions are proposed to improve educated policies.