This study systematically psychological characteristics of compares the common individual-oriented and social-oriented self-actualizers. The comparison is made at two levels, conceptual and empirical. The conceptual analysis of individual-oriented actualizers is based on Jung’s (1916), Adler’s (1930), Goldstein’s (1939), Rogers’ (1959), and Maslow’s (1970) discussions on self-actualization, self-realization, the self-actualizer, and related concepts. The conceptual analysis of social-oriented actua1izers employs the concept of junzi (君子) in the Confucian cultural tradition as the culturally Chinese prototype of a self-actualizer, and the life-long process of striving to be a junzi as the culturally Chinese version of self-actualization. The analysis relies on texts from Confucius and his disciples and followers and related scholarly discussions. The two conceptual schemes are used as guides to develop items to construct two scales to assess the psychological characteristics of the two kinds of self-actualizers. Samples of university students and adults from Taiwan and China are used as respondents.