森林生態系經營的基礎在於生物多樣性的維持，而不同林區依其特性會擬定適合的經營目標，本研究針對以營林為主的台東大武事業區和以遊憩為主的東勢八仙山事業區，分別選取不同棲地型態進行鳥類群聚的調查與監測。研究結果顯示大武事業區的46林班（41種472隻次）和天然闊葉林（43種510隻次），以及八仙山事業區的闊葉林（40種900隻次）和泥合林（32種375隻次）的鳥種數和數量分別較同區的47林班（33種328隻次）和針葉林（15種155隻次）來得多，主要是由於闊葉林和混合林的植群水平和垂直結構較單一樹種造林地來得複雜，因此鳥類群聚的多樣性較高。未來如能在先期的調查試驗中將人造林與天然闊葉林之配置比例與方式，以及人類活動等人為因子一併例入規劃考量中，相信對兼顧林產與生物多樣性之維護將有所幫助。

Maintaining biodiversity is a primary goal of forest ecosystem management and different forest districts, based on their characteristics, may adjust their specific aims of biodiversity conservation. We investigated bird communities within various habitat types in Tawu Division of Taitung Forest District and Pahsienshan Division of Dongshih District. Results showed that bird species richness and abundance in broadleaf forests and mixed forests was higher than nearby monocultural plantations and the differences in species richness and abundance, in our opinion, was mainly because that broadleaf forests and mixed forests had more complex horizontal and vertical structures. We suggest that appropriate mingling of silvicultural plantations and natural broadleaf forests would benefit both timber production and biodiversity conservation.