本研究旨在比較國小資優生與普通生的家庭背景。研究者採自編問卷進行資料蒐集，調查期間為西元2005 年10 月至西元2006 年2 月，共得資優生問卷676 份，普通生753 份。研究發現：一、資優生父母教育程度以「專科」、「大學」及「研究所」居多，職業類別以「助理專業員」與「專業員」為主。普通生父母教育程度以「國中或以下」與「高中職」居多，職業類別以「體力工」與「技術工作員」為主。二、資優生來自「雙親家庭」的比例多於普通生，普通生來自「單父家庭」的百分比高於資優生。資優生手足人數為「0位」與「1 位」的比例多於普通生，普通生手足人數為「3 位」、「4 位」及「5位以上」的百分比高於資優生。資優生手足排序為「獨生子女」與「排行一」的比例多於普通生，普通生手足排序為「排行三」與「排行四」的百分比高於資優生。三、家庭社經背景，及手足排序對資優生與普通生的區別預測率約68.72%。

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences between gifted and regular elementary students regarding their family backgrounds. Data were collected from self-developed questionnaires given to 676 gifted and 753 regular students, respectively, selected from October 2005 through February 2006. The major findings were as follows: First, a high percentage of the gifted students' parents had received associate-college degrees, college degrees or graduate degrees, and a similar percentage of them were assistant professionals or professionals. A high percentage of the regular students’ parents had graduated from junior high or below or senior/vocational high, and a similar percentage of them were blue-collar workers or mechanical workers. Secondly, the percentage of gifted students from the two-parent families was higher than regular students, while the proportion of regular students from the single-father families was higher than gifted students. In addition, in comparison with regular students, many gifted students had no sibling or had one sibling only, and they were more likely to be the only child or the firstborn in the family. While a number of regular students, compared with gifted students, had three, four or five siblings and almost one-fifth of them was the third or fourth born child in the family. Thirdly, discriminant analysis between the gifted and regular students can be predicted at about 68.72% by the family socioeconomic backgrounds and the birth order of siblings.