東漢晚年的長沙當地有許多蠻族的活動，但限於資料，文獻中反映的族群關係主要以衝突的叛亂為主。本文試圖著重分析新出土的《長沙東牌樓東漢簡牘》，並結合傳世文獻以討論東漢靈帝時（168-188）長沙地區的地方大姓與族群關係。討論大姓的方式是透過當地人物擔任地方掾屬的情況加以判斷，區分為郡級和縣級；而是否為蠻族則以姓氏為主要判斷的標準。傳世文獻僅知東漢的長沙大姓為桓姓，但透過《長沙東牌樓東漢簡牘》，卻可發現當地的大姓還有10姓，就數量來說，蠻略多；但在層級上，則漢人勢力略大。另外，透過郡縣的規劃以及叛亂情形的走向與分佈，則似乎可以看到由西漢到東漢中期，在整個荊州南部四郡當有許多蠻族被納入到政府的管轄之中。因此，《長沙東牌樓東漢簡牘》顯示出的蠻族大姓當可由此理解，有些蠻族大姓甚至在蠻族叛亂時站在政府的一方平定亂事。因此，長沙當地的蠻漢關係不能簡單視為統治者與被統治者的關係，同樣也有階級的因素夾雜其中。

There have been Man from time immemorial in Changsha, but those activities were unilateral conflict in documents. This study attempt to employ Changsha dongpailou donghan jiandu to argue local magnates and ethnic relationship in Changsha at the last years of Han dynasty, especially lingdi（168-188） period. In the method, definition of local magnate depends on someone served local government official, and definition of Man depends on surname of someone belonged to surnames of Man. The result of analysis, there were ten families belonged to local magnate.Besides, Man was more than Han in quantity but Han had more
influence.According to analysis of Changsha dongpailou donghan jiandu,
adjustment of prefectures and distribution of rebellions, Han
government controlled more Man throughout southern four prefectures of jingzhou（荊州）during former Han to later Han.Thus many local magnates in Changsha dongpailou donghan jiandu from these Man, even some local magnates chosen to help Han government to pacify these rebellions. In the sum, ethnic relationship between Man and Han in the Changsha at the last
years of Han dynasty was complex, not just was opposing position
of the ruler and the ruled.