礦石化的生物組織讓我們得以知曉，大自然是如何讓這些成分進化、以達成多項功能最佳化的目的。這些礦物成分本身含量極微，然而與有機環境交互作用的結果造就其擁有超乎尋常力學特性的材料。這些材料的總合結構是此一增強的關鍵所在。像是有機、層狀有/無機結構的微結構特徵，還有孔狀和纖維狀要素的存在，這些在許多生物的構成上都是常見的。有機與無機部分在分子級與微層級協同作用的結果、增強了力學功能。在本論文中，我們就近來關於鮑魚殼、螃蟹殼、鹿角、獠牙、牙齒的進展提出報告。

Mineralized biological tissues offer insights into how nature has evolved these components to optimize multifunctional purposes. These mineral constituents are weak by themselves, but interact with the organic matrix to produce materials with unexpected mechanical properties. The hierarchical structure of these materials is at the crux of this enhancement. Microstructural features such as organized, layered organic/inorganic structure, and the presence of porous and fibrous elements are common in many biological components. The organic and inorganic portions interact at the molecular and micro-levels synergistically to enhance the mechanical function. In this paper, we report on recent progress on studies of the abalone shell,crab exoskeletons, antlers, tusks, teeth.