背景與目的：智能障礙者普遍身體活動量低且心肺耐力不足，而學校工作者觀察認為智能障礙學童容易因上呼吸道感染請病假。本研究目的為探討18週學校身體活動訓練課程對智能障礙兒童的心肺耐力與病假天數的成效。方法：本研究將32名7至12歲之輕、中度的智能障礙兒童分至實驗與對照兩組，其中實驗組18名兒童接受18週團體結構化體能訓練、個別體能補強與在校活動環境修正三者並行的學校身體活動訓練課程和一般學校課程；對照組14名兒童則僅參與學校原來的課程教學。本研究以六分鐘行走測試兩組兒童於介入期前後的心肺耐力，並根據學生到校出席記錄計算病假天數。結果：在18週學校身體活動訓練課程介入後，本研究結果發現實驗組受試兒童的六分鐘行走距離之改變量，在控制其介入前之六分鐘行走距離的表現下，顯著大於對照組受試兒童(15.0±64.5vs-88.2±104.9公尺，P=0.004)。本研究兩組受試兒童在18週的病假總天數無顯著差異（實驗組0.8±1.0天vs對照組2.2±3.8天，P>0.05）。結論：18週的學校身體活動訓練課程可以有效提升輕度和中度智能障礙學齡兒童的心肺耐力；但對病假天數則尚未達顯著的減少成效，建議需有較長期的後續追蹤。

Background and Purpose: Persons with mental retardation usually have lower levels of physical activity and cardiopulmonary endurance. It is also observed that students with mental retardation are easily suffered from upper airway infection. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an 18-week, school-based physical activity intervention program on cardiopulmonary endurance and the sick leaves in children with mental retardation. Methods: Thirty-two children (7-12 years old) with mild or moderate mental retardation were recruited and assigned into the experimental and the control groups. The experimental group (Exp, n=18) participated in an 18-week physical activity intervention program in addition to regular school courses and the control group (Cont, n=14) participated only the regular school courses. Main outcome measures included the 6-minute walk test for assessment of the cardiopulmonary endurance at pre-and post-intervention, and the amount of days due to sick leaves during the period of 18-week intervention for each subject. Results: The changes in 6-minute walking distance from pre-intervention, controlling by the pre-intervention values, were significantly different between the two groups (Exp: 15.0±64.5 m vs Cont: -88.2±104.9 m, p=0.004). There was no significant difference in sick leaves between the two groups (Exp: 0.8±1.0 days vs Cont: 2.2±3.8 days, p>0.05). Conclusion: The 18-week, school-based physical activity intervention program was beneficial for cardiovascular fitness, but not for sick leaves in children with mental retardation.