月經性氣胸是一種罕見的臨床情況，其臨床診斷也相當困難，通常發生於三十至四十歲之育齡期
女性。氣胸出現於經期第一天的前或後72小時內，且91.7%個案發生在右側。然而其精確的發生率、病因機轉及最理想的處理方式仍然不清楚。個案因經歷多次復發、長期治療及診斷過程，承受極大的心理壓力。因此，本篇文章介紹月經性氣胸常見的病因及症狀、診斷及治療方式、健康問題及護理等議題，提供臨床護理人員了解此罕見臨床情況及照護參考。

Catamenial pneumothorax is a rare clinical condition that may be diffcult to diagnose. Catamenial pneumothorax is defned as spontaneous pneumothorax that occurs within 72 hours before or after the onset of menstruation. It occurs in the right lung in 91.7% of cases. However, the exact pathogenic mechanism and optimal management of catamenial pneumothorax remain unclear. Patients may suffer extensive psychological stress during prolonged diagnostic and therapeutic interventions and follow-up. This article discusses common issues related to catamenial pneumothorax pathogenic mechanisms, symptoms, diagnostic and optimal management, health problems, and nursing care, and provides the opinions of nursing staff with actual case experience.