醫療行為不僅有其促進健康的重要社會利益，也兼具無法完全預測結果之性格，鑑於醫學本質的
不確定性、生物體本身的多樣性、疾病的自然病史，以及醫療結果所不可避免者，未符合病方期待的治療效果，某種程度上可視為被容許之危險，醫療過失誠屬特殊的罪責型態之一，值得吾人重視。如何根據刑事正義體系之規範目的，從刑罰學觀點出發，進一步客觀評價醫療刑事過失責任之實質內涵，亦為醫界與法界所共同期盼釐清之問題。基於斯旨，本文整理法界學說理論，並配合實際發生的訴訟案例，參酌相關判決所附理由，針對醫療過失犯之刑罰理由及其構成要件，逐一進行分析說明，據以評述如何在刑法評價上，建構起處罰醫療過失的判斷標準，以供醫界有識之士參考。

Medical practice has its essential role in facilitating social benefits by promoting health, but with certain unpredictability. In addition to medical errors, the uncertainty of medical behavior, bioversatility of
human being, disease natural courses, and unavoidable complications of medical behaviors all contribute to unsatisfied results. Therefore, some certain degrees of complications are tolerated and criminal liability of
medical negligence has been treated distinctively. How to judge criminal liability of medical negligence properly by considering criminal justice and penology is an important issue. In the present study, we summarized legal theories and analyze courts’ decisions to explore the standards of judging medical negligence in the Criminal Law.