歷代醫家與近代學者，對三焦生理器官之有形、無形，及其實質之探討與爭議，兩千年來懸而未解，係為中醫解剖生理學上極待解決之問題。因每個組織器官及系統皆有其獨特之生理功能，每種生理功能皆有其對應之組織器官，按現代醫學器官與生理之問有一定的體用關係。本研究目的擬探討歷代醫家有名有形的三焦學說，包括內經的類膀胱說，張介賓的腔子說，唐容川的膈膜網油說，章太炎的林巴系統說，范雅修的膜類說，陳華的交感神經榦說等六種，是否具有內經、難經與中藏經所定義的三焦功能。結果此六種學說，並不完全符合內經、難經與中藏經所定義的三焦功能。

The question of San-Chiao with or without a substantial organ in physiology was disputed from historical physicians to recent scholars. This pending problem has been hung on for two thousands years, and it is a problem of the dissecting physiology in Chinese medicine urgently in need of solving. Because every organ and system has its unique physiological function and each physiological function has its corresponding organ. Between organ and physiology existed a relationship of body and function according modern medicine. The purpose of study is to survey San-Chiao hypothesis with name and shape wrote by historical and recent medical scholars included bladder-like theory, cavity sporangium theory, diaphragm and omentums theory, membrane type theory, lymph system theory and sympathetic trunk theory. Results suggest that the six hypothesis incompletely fitted definitions of San-Chiao functions confirmed by Nei-Jing, NanJing and Zhong Zang-Jing.