神經鞘瘤乃是源至神經鞘許旺細胞生成的一種神經瘤。腎臟之神經鞘瘤非常罕見，目前文獻報告只有二十一例。大部分的病人都沒有臨床症狀，影像學檢查並無法提供確定診斷。保守治療是否可行仍未知，腫瘤全切除是治療的方式，因為有超過百分之三十的機會是惡性腫瘤而且惡性腫瘤常有局部復發及遠處轉移之情形。確定診斷需仰賴病理之評估。在此報告一罹患腎臟實質神經鞘瘤之病例及回顧相關之文獻報告。

Neurilemomas are neurogenic tumors that originate from Schwann cells of nerve sheaths. However, renal neurilemomas are extremely rare, with only 21 cases reported in the English literature. Most patients were asymptomatic, and imaging studies did not allow a definitive diagnosis. Effective conservative treatment is unknown. Complete tumor excision is the curative modality of treatment due to malignancy having been found in up to 30% of cases and a tendency for local recurrence and distant metastasis. An accurate diagnosis depends on a detailed pathohistological evaluation. Herein, we present a case of a neurilemoma within the renal parenchyma and review the literature on this subject.