大國的崛起意味著其國家綜合國力的崛起，同時也意味著其軍事力量的增長，因為大國的崛起總是伴隨著國力的擴張，即使不是帝國主義式的擴張，也必須要有軍事武力作為後盾，以因應既有國際權力秩序改變而發生戰爭。各國關注中國的崛起時，也同時關注了中國的軍力發展，擔心中國崛起而引發一場戰爭，尤其崛起的中國曾是共產的中國，終究對於國際與區域造成某種程度的威脅，而提出「和平崛起」的論點以為因應。無論如何，中共軍力則是為中共綜合國力崛起的實質（政治）力量之支撐，故而本文從軍事能力發展的角度，由內向外觀察中共政治指導與軍力關係，裨作共軍新階段（或稱為第三次國防現代化）觀察之起點。

The rising of a great power implicates that its national comprehensive capabilities is growing, especially, its military capability too. The rising of a great power always accompanies with its national capabilities extension, even though it is not an empire extension, it needs the military force to be its backing prop to response the war caused by the change of existing international powers order. China rising is a critical concern to the international society, particularly its military capability; It worries that China will cause a war and that the rising China, used to be a communist state has caused international and regional threats and dangers. Therefore, the “peaceful rising” theory has been proposed to adjust to the change However, its military capability is the essential demostration of its political power This paper, through a military capability development concept, tries to explore the relationship between political directions and military capability in China for a further observation of the military in a new stage of the rising China.