本研究旨在探討雙薪家庭幼兒父親的親職效能、母親的教養鼓勵與父職參與之相關研究，並進一步探究父親的親職效能、母親的教養鼓勵對於父職參與之關連情形，以問卷調查法，針對家住大臺北地區之雙薪家庭中至少育有一位2 至6 歲的學齡前幼兒父親為研究對象，使用「親職效能量表」、「母親的教養鼓勵行為量表」以及「父職參與量表」等測量工具，得有效問卷515 份，經描述性統計、皮爾森積差相關以及多元迴歸進行資料分析。主要研究發現，首先，父親的親職效能表現、其知覺母親的教養鼓勵及父親參與子女的教養工作情形皆傾向中高程度；再者，父親的工作時數與育兒勞務及親子教養參與呈現顯著負相關，而父親親職效能中的親職角色評價、教養能力及母親教養鼓勵中的增強、連結、邀請行為，則與父職參與的育兒勞務及親子教養參與呈現顯著正相關；此外，父親的工作時數、親職效能中的親職角色評價、教養能力及母親教養鼓勵中的增強、邀請行為，對於父親的育兒勞務參與具有顯著預測力，而親職效能中的親職角色評價、教養能力及母親教養鼓勵中的邀請行為，則對於父親親子教養參與具有顯著預測力。

The research primarily focused on the relations among paternal efficacy,maternal encouraging behaviors, and father involvement in parenting for fathers with young children in dual-earner-families. Besides, the current study also explored the prediction of paternal efficacy, maternal encouraging behaviors on father involvement in parenting. Participants were the fathers in Taipei area who had a 2-6 year-old child at least in dual-earner families. The instruments included ‘‘Paternal Self-Efficacy Scale”, “Maternal Encouraging Behaviors Scale” and ‘‘Father Involvement in Parenting Scale”. Five hundred and fifteen valid questionnaires were returned. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple regression.The results were summarized as followed: first, paternal efficacy, maternal encouraging behaviors, and fathers’ involvement in parenting tended to exhibit medium to high degrees. Then, fathers’ working hours was negatively correlated with chores involvement and parenting involvem nt, but parental self-appraisal, parental ability of paternal efficacy and strengthening, connecting and inviting of the maternal encouraging behaviors were positively correlated with fathers’ chores involvement and parenting involvement. Besides, fathers’ working hours, parental self-appraisal,parental ability of paternal efficacy and strengthening and inviting of the maternal encouraging behaviors had significantly prediction on fathers’ chores involvement,but parental self-appraisal, parental ability of paternal efficacy and inviting of the maternal encouraging behaviors had significantly prediction on fathers’ parenting involvement.