中國大陸目前是世界上二氧化碳排放量最大的國家，相較於其他國家， 中國大陸二氧化碳的排放量仍快速增加中。1998 年中國大陸成立「國家氣候 變遷對策協調小組」，在2007 年成立「國家應對氣候變遷領導小組」，由前 總理溫家寶擔任組長，負責制定國家應對氣候變遷的重大戰略、方針和對 策。此後，2007 年6 月中國大陸提出「中國大陸應對氣候變遷國家方案」以 及2008 年10 月、2009 年11 月、2010 年11 月以及2011 年11 月提出「中 國大陸應對氣候變遷的政策與行動」等，都一再顯示出中國大陸對氣候變遷 政策的迫切需求與重視。而氣候變遷並不只是中央政府的政策問題，中央與 地方政府必須一起攜手面對氣候變遷的挑戰。從政策分析的角度來看，中國 大陸應對氣候變遷的政策目標必須先界定，接著制定相關政策，而後落實， 當中主要的執行者則是地方政府。

Mainland China is currently leading the world’s greenhouse gas emission, and the emission amount is rapidly increasing. As the world faces climate change challenges, China plays a critical role in the international community. In 1998, China set up a National Climate Change Coordination Committee for developing domestic climate change policies. Ten years later, China again demonstrated its attempt to combat climate change and set up a National Leading Group on Climate Change in 2007. This group, headed by Prime Minister Wen Jiabao, is responsible for laying out guidelines and strategies for dealing with climate change, and coordinating climate change issues between governmental departments. In recent years, Mainland China actively participates in international affairs in order to become a leader in the international community. Therefore, on one hand, China must put its effort on climate change mitigation and meet the expectation of the international community; meanwhile, China has to sustain domestic economic growth. Achieving both goals requires definitive objectives of China’s climate change policies. This article argues that China’s central government must show strong professional leadership, while local governments must assume active roles in execution of climate change policies.