近半年來，隨著數起役男因不明原因暴卒事件的被披露，服役的問題，再次成為與泊的焦點。吾人以為，兵役制度在施行了數十年之後，似乎有重新加以檢討的必要。服兵役是別無選擇，絕對性的國民義務嗎？在社會愈來愈越多元化的今天，這個問題的答索應該重新被思索。由於問題涉及體制的根本定位，在探討時勢不能自Fit於就現行法律條文作幅度不大的解釋適用。故本文嘗試話說從頭，由立惠國家國民的權利義務為討論起點，在覓得兵役制度的根本定位後，撿討現行兵役制度之缺失，再探討引進歐洲團家行之有年的兵役替代役制度是否可行。

In the recent half year, with the disclosure of several unfortunate accidents in the armed forces, the subject of military service aroused concerns in public opinion again. We think that it is necessary for the military service system, which has been put into practice for so many years, to be reevaluated now. Is joining the military service the inevitable, compulsory obligation for citizens? The answer to the question should be rethought in the society of a multiplicity of ideas. Because the question involv es with the arrangement of the whole system, we should not confine ourselves in explaining the statutes to a limited extent on the subject. Therefore, in this essay, we are trying to discuss the subject from the very beginning, the rights and obligations of citizens in the constitutional state. After finding out the elementary value and reviewing the deficiencies of military service, we talk about whether it is possible to carry out the substitute service in our country, the kind of service that has been put into practice in many European countries for so many years.