原罪是天主教主要的教義之一，由於這項教義需要認同亞當與厄娃是歷史人物，因此普遍認為原罪無法與演化論融合。為了追求調和原罪與演化論，一些學者試圖建立在演化的過程當中曾出現亞當和厄娃，而另一些則認為演化過程中的自私行為即是原罪。按照天主教教理，原罪就是因亞當和厄娃的罪，使得人類缺乏聖德與義德。本文則認為，亞當和厄娃的歷史性不是原罪教義的必然要求，而是人類從原有的聖德狀態因自由選擇導致墮落的現象。如果接受聖德狀態並非毫無痛苦與死亡的世界，應是人類與天主的正確關係，這關係曾被原始人類的自由選擇而破壞，那麼此種墮落的現象可以由演化論來解釋。

Original sin is one of the major doctrines of Catholic Church which cannot be reconciled with evolution, because it requires that Adam and Eve to be historical people. In their pursuit to reconcile original sin with evolution, a few have attempted to establish the appearance of Adam and Eve in evolutionary history, while others have suggested that original sin need to be seen as selfishness that is part of evolution. The Catechism describes original sin as the state of human nature that is deprived of original holiness, due to disobedience of Adam and Eve. This paper argues that the doctrine of original sin does not necessarily require the historicity of Adam and Eve but requires an event of “fall” from original holiness due to free decision of early humans. If one considers original holiness not as a state without suffering and death, but as a state of right relationship with God, which the early humans lost by their free choices; such a “fall” from holiness can be accounted for in evolutionary perspective.