Shouldn’t Zhuangzi’s thought on “health cultivation” become fashionable in an age when everyone is concerned with health? Can it inspire current waves of health cultivation in any way? Since I have long been concerned with new meanings of the classic Zhuangzi, I also hope to consider the possible contemporary meaning of Zhuangzi’s philosophy of health cultivation with regard to the special attention this issue has received from modern people. This study argues that the health cultivation philosophy of the Zhuangzi consists not only of the folk prescriptions of selfpreservation aimed at lengthening one’s lifespan, or techniques such as breathing guides. Zhuangzi’s health cultivation involves the complete conversion of the subject itself. The conversion of the subject is just as complex a task as that presented in the story of Chef Ding, who faces the complex structure and inner labyrinth of the large ox, which cannot be simplified or technically resolved. We can say that dealing with the health cultivation issue of the “subject (self)” is the same as handling the complex issues of coexistence between “the subject I” and the ethical politics and social culture of the world