With the development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology，the inspection system which takes the UAV as the carrier is developed. The traditional UAV inspection systems often use radio station or 3G network to transmit data. Due to the limitation of the communication bandwidth, inspection image or video data mostly uses the way of local storage and post hoc analysis, which is not conducive to the resolution of the problem. Therefore, this paper proposes a photovoltaic power station UAV real-time inspection system based on 4G private network. The system realizes the stable real-time transmission of thermal image data and the communication scheme of the system is optimized. The feasibility of the system has been verified through many experiments.