本文探討元代學者朱公遷如何在朱熹《詩集傳》的典範下，從理學和虛字，開拓「興」體的理論。他從「義相因」和「語相應」與否、文勢順或反、用語正相呼或反相呼等方面，提出九種「興」體成立的條件。所謂「語相應」指的是虛詞助字的相應，並舉出同字相應和異字相應兩種情況；所謂「義相因」指的是興句之理與應句之理的關聯。朱公遷從理學的觀點解釋「興」體，並且提出「義相因」和「語相應」的因果關係，補充了朱熹所謂兼比之興，或者兼賦之興的含意。他有意識地回到《詩經》文本之中，找尋虛詞助字相應的例證，將格物之理用於文本的實踐，為其後朱子學中的《詩經》研究，開出新的可能性。

This paper discusses how Yuan dynasty scholar Zhu Gong-Qian uses Neo- Confucianism and function words to expand the theory of “implied comparison” in his Classic of Poetry with Annotations under the paradigm of Zhu Xi’s Poetry with Collected Commentaries. He puts forward nine forming conditions of the “implied comparison” from aspects such as whether “relevance in meaning” or “correspondence in language” are used, whether parallels are drawn or contrasts are made, and whether the words used match the flow of the work. The “correspondence in language” refers to the correspondence of the function and auxiliary words, where they follow or contrast each other or one another. The “relevance in meaning” means the correlation between the body sentence and the responding sentence. Zhu Gong- Qian’s Neo-Confucianist definition of the “implied comparison” and proposition of the cause-effect relationship between “relevance in meaning” and “correspondence in language” complement Zhu Xi’s concept of “implied comparison accompanied by explicit comparison” and “implied comparison accompanied by straightforward narrative.” He consciously goes back to the text of The Classic of Poetry and searches for corresponding examples of function and auxiliary words. By applying the logic of examining objects to the text, he opens a new possibility for researches on the part of The Classic of Poetry in Zhu Xi’s studies.