篇名 | 台灣閩南語「都」與「攏」 的分工與合併 |
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卷期 | 17:1 |
並列篇名 | TO AND LONG IN TAIWANESE SOUTHERN MIN: DIVISION AND MERGING |
作者 | 謝妙玲 、 李臻儀 |
頁次 | 131-182 |
關鍵字 | 全稱量化 、 級差 、 連字句 、 歷時改變 、 台灣閩南語 、 universal quantifier 、 scale 、 lian sentence 、 historical change 、 Taiwan Southern Min 、 Scopus 、 THCI |
出刊日期 | 201901 |
DOI | 10.6519/TJL.201901_17(1).0004 |
台灣閩南語裡的量化副詞「攏/owg2」和「都表全稱義。 表任指義的疑問代詞和表個別義的「逐NP」可以和「都to1」 或「攏to«g2」合用(句型一);由「毋管」或「無論」引介的 表任指的疑問詞小句,只能使用「攏/〇«g2」(句型二);表級差 的連字句和否定極性成分則須與「都^」合用(句型三),惟 近來也出現「連」與「攏/^g2」合用的情形。本文針對這三種 句型進行調查,口述語境,並提示目標語句的前半部,讓120 位受訪者完成語句,結果發現,受訪者使用「攏to«g2」類多過 於「都^」類,但受訪者之年齡和台語流利程度也與「龍/〇«g2」 及「都to1」的使用極為相關。因此,本文最後探討從早期閩南 語到現代台灣閩南語「都^」和「攏/〇«g2」的消長,並提出 造成此改變的內外在因素。
The two universal quantifiers, to and long, in Taiwanese Southern Min (TSM) are interchangeable when they occur with a wh-word yielding a free choice reading or with a tak-NP ‘each-NP’ (pattern 1). In sentences involving put-kuan/bo-lun ‘no matter’, only long can be used (pattern 2). Still, when the domain involves alternatives arranged on a scale, e.g., in the presence of a focus introduced by lian ‘even’, or a negative polarity item, to is considered the norm, though the combination of lian and long is sometimes attested (pattern 3). Our sentence completion survey conducted orally is set out to investigate the use of the two quantifiers in the three sentence patterns. We find there is a predominance of the long-type quantifiers in all the three sentence patterns, and the use of long and to correlates with the spearkers’ age and proficiency level of TSM. Finally, for a better understanding of the change, we compare the use of the two quantifiers in earlier Southern Min texts and modern TSM texts and discuss some potential internal/external causes for the change.