本論文的重點乃在於比較我國儒家的主要文獻《論語》與現代最新的教育哲學理念之關係。比較結果發現二千五百多年前，我國至聖先師孔子的基本教育思想與目前世界上最新的教育哲學理念幾仍完全相符。而且進一步又發現有些在《論語》一書中提到的部分較艱深的文字，我們一直竟尚未能充分掌握解讀。而現在藉助於與現代教育理念比照，我們才恍然可以掌握到其中真義之所在。本文將孔子與現代的教育思想分為四個主題來作討論。第一個是：孔子認為接受教育是一種基本個人的權利。第二個是：孔子認為教育的效果應重內化而非外鑠。第三個是：孔子認為教育的實施應以學生而非以教師為中心。第四個主題是：孔子認為教育的目的是一項應該與人生共始終的概念。

This paper tries to compare the traditional Chinese Confucianism with the modern educational ideological theories. Basically in citing viewpoints of the Analects of Confucius, this paper concludes that the Confucianism and the modern educational ideology have at least four trends in common of nowadays. First, education is a fundamental human right. Second, education should emphasize inside-out learning instead of outside-in learning. Third, the focus of education should be learner-centered instead of teacher-centered. Fourth, the aim of education is a lifelong management.