Both of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Sjogren’s syndrome (SS) are long-term autoimmune disorders. Meanwhile, RA tends to be more complicated than SS. Although there have been lots of studies about RA and SS, less research focused on their bidirectional effects. The major purpose of this study is to evaluate the risks between RA and SS. We build two datasets collected from Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID) during the periods between 2006 and 2013. One is about 8469 patients with RA and 42,345 (1:5) age group-, and sex-matched non-RA controls. The other is regarding 8229 patients with SS and 41,145 (1:5) age group-, and sex-matched non-SS controls. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) using Cox proportional hazard models in both datasets. We found that the risk of suffering SS in patients with RA (HR 3.29) is higher than the risk of suffering RA in patients with SS (HR 1.64), compared to the corresponding control cohorts, respectively. Additionally, for the RA case cohort, if patients had suffered from comorbidities such as hyperlipidemia (HR 1.28), autoimmune disease (HR 4.83), and gout (HR 1.61) before suffering RA, they would further have had higher risk of suffering SS than patients without these comorbidities.