特殊教育在臨床上需要多元的研究方法提供有效的介入，其中單一受試研究最被廣泛使用。隨著美國在立法上落實「實證本位實踐」的推動，特殊教育場域中所進行的單一受試研究也逐漸建立實證本位實踐指標。本文藉由爬梳文獻的歷程中，清楚說明何謂實證本位實踐，並且詳細介紹與說明單一受試研究的研究問題類型、研究設計、主要特徵、信度與效度……等四大要點與「實證本位實踐」的關係。最後說明單一受試研究與「實證本位實踐」的連結促使特殊教育逐步邁向實證本位實踐。

Special education requires multiple research methods to provide effective intervention in clinical practice, of which single-case research is most widely used. With the implementation of the evidence-based practices in the United States, the single-case research in the special education field has gradually established empirical indicators. Through the process of reviewing the literature, the article clearly showed characteristics of evidence-based practices and types of research questions, research design, main features, reliability and validity of single-case research, and relationship with the evidence-based practices. Finally, single-case research is an adapter which promoted the special education to the evidence-based practices.