本文探討古代柏拉圖主義傳統中人的目的在於「與神相似」這一觀念。首先，通過比較柏拉圖主義傳統與其他古代哲學傳統對人的目的的不同表述——前者是「與神相似」，而後者則是「按照自然生活」——，引出本文的問題：柏拉圖主義傳統的獨特表述是否有其充分的理由。其次，通過追溯柏拉圖對話以及其後柏拉圖主義者對「與神相似」的闡述，表明這一目的只有通過一種逃離此世的美德才能夠實現；而普羅提諾決定性地將上述逃離解釋為進入哲學沉思，並主導了後世對這一觀念的理解。最後，通過考察《斐德若》，結合其他對話，檢討普羅提諾對「與神相似」的解釋：逃離此世的意涵並非由實踐轉向沉思，而是廢黜人類生活的自然根基，轉而按照彼岸的價值安排生活秩序。

This paper explores the Platonic notion of godlikeness as the human telos. First, from the comparison between the Platonic notion of godlikeness and its ancient alternative, namely “living according to nature”, arises the question as to whether the Platonists had good reasons to prefer godlikeness. Second, the relevant accounts in the Platonic tradition indicate that the Platonic telos can be achieved primarily, if not only, through a flight from the world, and Plotinus interprets the flight in question as engaging in theōria. The Plotinian interpretation has been dominant. Finally, by examining the Plotinian interpretation in light of Plato’s dialogues, especially the Phaedrus, we come to the conclusion that the flight in question should not be interpreted as turning from praxis to theōria, but as transforming our natural life in light of transcendent reality.