人類古代歷史早就就記載著女性醫師在醫學中扮演的角色。過去幾世紀，經歷史波折及傳統社會對於女性造成不平等的待遇，女性努力著維持她們在醫學領域中的地位。即使至今女性醫師越來越多，她們在醫學學術領域的代表性仍然不足，並且在職業發展面臨重大阻礙。性別差異存在的原因是多層面的，可以從文化、社會和經濟的角度來解釋。然而，有強烈的證據表示，女性醫師在臨床一線對病患可以提供較高品質的照護，及有較好的疾病預後。因此，性別平等對於現代醫學的進步，扮演著關鍵性的角色。實現性別平等必須從認識問題、廣泛教育，以及採取行動實地的改變政策，以減少偏見、實現性別包容和多元化的理念開始。

The role of women physicians in medicine traces back to ancient history. For centuries, women physicians have made great efforts in sustaining their practice in the medical field. While women physicians today are increasingly represented in the medical profession, they continue to be underrepresented in academic medicine and face significant barriers in professional advancement. The reason for gender disparity is multidimensional and may be explained from cultural, social, and economic perspectives. Yet, mounting evidence support that having more women physicians appears to promote high-quality patient care and improve patient outcome, emphasizing the importance of gender equity for advancement in medicine. Achieving gender equity must begin from recognition of the issue, education of the public, and policy changes that mitigate bias, towards inclusion and diversity.