臺灣省工作委員會的組建，關係中共「解放」臺灣，完成中國統一的成敗。蔡孝乾在中共江西時期即已躋身高位，是唯一參與過「長征」的臺灣人，他被委以重任，擔任省工作委員會的最高領導。但他在1950年被國民黨逮捕後，竟然不重視延安時代的氣節教育，反而立即投降，搖身一變成為協助國民黨澈底摧毀臺灣地下黨的關鍵人物。蔡孝乾參加過延安的整風審幹，知道黨的忠誠教育，為什麼被捕後迅速「轉變」？這些問題是本文關注的焦點。

The establishment of the Taiwan Provincial Working Committee had a bearing on the success of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in “liberating” Taiwan and accomplishing the “reunification” of China. Cai Xiaoqian, who had risen to a high position during the Jiangxi period of the CCP, was the only Taiwanese person who participated in the “Long March”. He was entrusted with an important post and served as the top leader of the Provincial Working Committee. However, after he was arrested by the Kuomintang in 1950, he paid no attention to the integrity education of the Yan’an era, surrendered immediately, and instead became a key figure assisting the Kuomintang in completely destroying the Taiwan underground party. Cai participated in the rectification movement in Yan’an and knew the Party’s loyalty education. Why had he “changed” so quickly after being arrested? These issues are the focus of this study.