Petrocosmea hsiwenii Lei Cai, J.D.Ya & J.Cai, a new species of Gesneriaceae from Jinping County, southeastern Yunnan, China, is described and illustrated. The new species is morphologically similar to P. rosettifolia C.Y.Wu ex H.W.Li in the shape, color and structure of the flowers, but it can be easily distinguished by the shape of the leaf blade, the number of lateral veins, the indumentum characters of the leaves, stem, anther and pistil, as well as the type of inflorescence. The morphological relationship between this and similar species is discussed, and a detailed descriptions is provided, together with colored photographs, and information on the distribution. We propose that P. hsiwenii be assigned an IUCN conservation status of endangered (EN).