本文先追溯倡導「人間佛教」及「人間淨土」思想的太虛和尚與印順導師之問題意識，佛經之理論根據、論述內涵，再脈絡性的釐清聖嚴法師和星雲大師所以繼起和發展的原由。文中分別詮釋此兩人宏揚「人間佛教」及「人間淨土」的主要論點，以及如何發展「人間佛教」的理論根據和實踐「人間淨土」的門徑，最後則對比兩人之同與異。

This article first recalls the question consciousness of Master Taixu and Master Yin Shun, who advocate the thoughts of “Buddhism on earth” and “pure land on earth,” the theoretical foundation and discourse content of Buddhism before clarifying contextually why and how Master Sheng Yen and Master Hsing Yun carry on and develop these thoughts. Here we interpret respectively their main points of “Buddhism on earth” and “pure land on earth,” the theoretical foundation of how to develop “Buddhism on earth,” their approaches to the practice of “pure land on earth,” and finally compare their similarities and differences.