篇名 | 再探《莊子》「成心」之起源:以偏執心與死生憂懼為線索 |
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卷期 | 51 |
並列篇名 | Revisiting the Origin of Cheng-Xin in the Zhuangzi: Tracing the Threads of Bias and the Anxieties of Death |
作者 | 廖昱瑋 |
頁次 | 033-071 |
關鍵字 | 《莊子》 、 成心 、 死亡 、 情緒 、 自我 、 the Zhuangzi 、 cheng-xin 、 death 、 emotions 、 self 、 THCI |
出刊日期 | 202401 |
DOI | 10.30393/TNCUP.202401_(51).0002 |
本文將嘗試證成「成心」包含人的偏執情感,並指出人的偏執情感與執著於自我存在有密切關聯,而人之所以執著於自我存在,源於人對於死亡的焦慮。當代對於「成心」有兩種詮釋進路:中性派、負面派。前者將成心理解為認知侷限,後者則認為成心不但是認知侷限,還是一種偏執心態。兩者的關鍵差異在於是否將情感納入成心的內涵,但無論是何種學派,皆沒有深入探討人為何會出現偏執心態。本論文將站在負面派的立場來分析成心之起源,並指出成心的產生源於人對於死亡的焦慮。筆者將透過分析證明幾點:一,從死亡議題來理解成心較符合〈齊物論〉原意;二,根據第一點,我們對於〈齊物論〉中「死亡」與成心的關係應當重估;三,根據第一點,〈齊物論〉中的修養論「吾喪我」也會有更深入的理解方式。
This article aims to establish a close connection between biased attitudes and the persistence of self-existence. I will argue that cheng-xin (成心) encompasses a biased attitude of viewpoint, with the root cause of humans clinging to their self-existence lying in the anxieties surrounding death. In recent research, two perspectives on the meaning of cheng-xin have emerged. One school views cheng-xin as a limitation of cognition, while the other sees it not only as a cognitive limitation but also as a biased attitude of cognition. The key distinction between these perspectives is whether cheng-xin includes emotions. However, both fail to address the origin of cheng-xin. This paper will analyze the source of cheng-xin within the school that argues for the inclusion of emotions. I will present three points to support this argument. Firstly, it is more apt to understand cheng-xin within the context of anxieties about death. Secondly, building on the first point, a reexamination of the relationship between the anxieties of death and cheng-xin is warranted. Thirdly, in line with the first point, the self-cultivation theory of wo-shen-wo (吾喪我) in Chapter 2 of the Zhuangzi can be comprehended in a more profound manner.