目的：氣管原發惡性腫瘤在臨床上比較少見，其盛行率約是呼吸道腫瘤的0.2-0.5%。對於早期的氣管腫瘤，手術治療是第一選擇。對於中晚期的病人，手術後放射線治療或是單純放射治療是必要的，並且能提供不錯的治療效果。 材料與方法：從1985年至2000年，共有十二位氣管原發惡性腫瘤的病患在台中榮總接收治療，其中七位是上皮癌，三位是腺囊狀癌，一位是黑色素癌，一位是神經內分泌癌。所有結果以Kaplan-Meier log rank的統計方法加以分析。 結果：有八位病人接受放射線治療，其中一位是接受緩和性放射治療，十位病人的資料可供分析。這些病人的中位存活期為33個月，第一年和第二年的存活率為70%和60%。經過分析預後因子，發現局部組織侵犯以及初始症狀期間長短等三因子為生存時間可能的顯著預後因子。另外，局部組織侵犯以及初始症狀期間長短等二因子亦為無病生存期可能的顯著預後因子。局部淋巴轉移以及腫瘤組織型態雖然對於預後有影響，但是未達到顯著意義。 結論：放射線治療能是一種安全而有效的治療氣管原發惡性腫瘤的方式。由於原發性氣管惡性腫瘤比較少，加上我們的病人數少，統計學上的義意較小。這篇文章主要是分享我們的於治療原發性氣管惡性腫瘤的經驗，以及探討可能的預後因子。

Purpose : Tracheal malignancy was not often seen in clinical practice. Its prevalence was about 0.2-0.5% of all respiratory tract malignancies, with 1:100 ratio of tracheal to bronchial tumors in reported series. Prognosis of patients with tumor of the trachea remains poor. The treatment choice for early stage disease is surgery because extensive resection provides better control. For patients with advanced stage disease definitive radiotherapy has shown modest gain. Several studies have demonstrated the value of radiotherapy in controlling primary tumor in the trachea. Material and Method : From 1985 to 2000, there were twelve patients with primary tracheal malignancy found in Taichung Veterans General Hospital. Seven patients were squamous cell carcinoma, three were adenoid cystic carcinoma, one was melanoma and one was neuroendocrine carcinoma. Among them, two patients?details were not available anymore. One died of surgical complication within two months after resection. Thus nine of ten evaluable patients entered into the analysis of possible prognostic factors for primary tracheal malignancy. Univariate analyses of prognostic factors were carried out by Kaplan-Meier log rank method. Results : Seven of ten evaluable patients received definitive radiotherapy as curative purpose and one for palliation. The estimated median survival time for all ten patients was 33 months (CI: 0~66 months), with the survival rate at one and two years being 70% and 60%. Local invasion and duration of initial symptoms were possible significant prognostic factors for poor survival. Besides, we also identified the same factors as the possible significant prognostic factors for disease-free survival time. Local lymph node involvement and histological type of cancer showed effects in both survival and disease-free survival but didn掐 reach the significant level. Conclusion : From our experience, radiotherapy either as a curative or palliative purpose seems to be safe and effective for tracheal cancer. However, due to rarity of primary tracheal malignancy, there was small group in our series. We offered our experience of radiotherapy for tracheal cancer and discuss possible prognostic factors, although less statistic meanings.