莪朮(Curcumae Rhizoma)、薑黃(Curcumae Longae Rhizoma)、鬱金(Curcumae Radix)均屬薑科(Zingiberaceae)薑黃屬(Curcuma sp.)多種植物的根莖或塊根，為常用中藥之ㄧ。莪朮之基原包括蓬莪朮Curcuma phaeocaulis Val.、廣西莪朮C. kwangsinensis S.G. Lee et C.F. Liang和溫莪朮C. wenyujin Y.H. Chen et C. Ling，具有行氣破血、消積化食等功效，並有抗腫瘤、抗血栓、抗腹瀉等藥理作用。薑黃C. longa L.具有行氣破血、通經止痛等功效，並有保肝、促進膽汁分泌等藥理作用。鬱金則使用莪朮及薑黃的塊根入藥，具有活血化瘀、行氣止痛、利膽等功效，並有保肝、改善循環及促進胰膽分泌等藥理作用。此三種藥材於市售品常有混用之情形，有鑑於此，本研究為了解市售莪朮、薑黃、鬱金類藥材之使用情形，搜集廣西莪朮、溫鬱金、廣西鬱金及薑黃等對照藥材由生藥組織學之鑑別及理化鑑別方法予以探討。以採逢機取樣方式價購北、南兩地區中藥材店及藥廠提供之薑黃、鬱金20件共有莪朮檢體50件、薑黃60件和鬱金60件。由性狀特徵、組織鏡檢、及理化法鑑定其基原並與對照藥材及文獻比對。鑑定結果，市售莪朮檢體中1件(2%)混有黃絲鬱金、薑黃則有1件(2%)檢體為片薑黃C.wenyujin，鬱金檢體則有2件(4%)為川鬱金，而藥廠所提供的藥材檢體均為正確基原。本研究結果建立莪朮、薑黃、鬱金類藥材之鑑別方法，以利本局及相關機關之業務執行及藥廠或業者用藥參考。

Curcumae Rhizoma, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix all belong to the Zingiberaceae
family. The origin of Curcumae Rhizoma includes Curcuma phaeocaulis Val., C. kwangsinensis S.G. Lee et C.F. Liang and C. wenyujin Y.H. Chen et C. Ling. The origin of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma is C. longa L. The origin of Curcumae Radix contains both Curcumae Rhizoma and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma. However, the bulb root and the rhizome of the plant Curcumae Rhizoma can be used as the origin of Curcumae Radix and Curcumae Longae Rhizoma respectively. In order to clarify the botanical origins of these herbs in Taiwan market, we collected C. kwangsinensis, C. longa, C. wenyujin and C. kwangsinensis roots as the comparison materials and identified their characteristics by morphology, anatomy and thin layer chromatographic analysis. The results showed that among 50 samples of Curcumae Rhizoma, 49 samples were correctly used and only one sample was mixed with C. longa. Among 60 samples of Curcumae Longae Rhizoma, 59 samples were correctly used, and only one sample was C. wenyujin Y.H. Chen et C. Ling. Among 60 samples of Curcumae Radix, 58 samples were correctly used, and 2 samples were C. chuanyujin The differences among the morphology and histological anatomy of rhizomes and roots can provide a useful method to identify Curcumae Rhizoma, Curcumae Longae Rhizoma and Curcumae Radix in the Taiwan market.